Ammonium and potassium removal from undiluted and diluted hydrolyzed urine using natural zeolites

There is limited research comparing nutrient removal in concentrated and dilute waste streams. Accordingly, the goal of this was to study effect dilution on ammonium potassium from real hydrolyzed urine using natural zeolites. The performance two zeolites, clinoptilolite chabazite, studied compared batch equilibrium experiments at four levels defined as volume divided by total solution (expressed a percent): 100%, 10%, 1% 0.1%. adsorption behavior other exchangeable ions, namely sodium, calcium, magnesium, chabazite improve understanding ion exchange stoichiometry. Ammonium removals were highest undiluted samples treated with or chabazite. This key finding it illustrates benefit collecting via source separation. High also achieved 10% solutions, which are representative water-efficient flush systems show that recovery possible for diluted well. Chabazite showed higher much than clinoptilolite. Finally, results demonstrated stoichiometric between solutions mobile cations